Compost is a key ingredient in organic Farming.At the simplest level, the process of composting requires making a heap of wet organic matter known as green waste (leaves, food waste) and waiting for the materials to break down into humes after a period of weeks or months. Modern, methodical composting is a multi-step, closely monitored process with measured inputs of water, air, and carbon- and nitrogen-rich materials. The decomposition process is aided by shredding the plant matter, adding water and ensuring proper aeration by regularly turning the mixture. Worms and fungi further break up the material. Bacteria requiring oxygen to function ( aerobic bacteria) and fungi manage the chemical process by converting the inputs into heat, carbon dioxide and ammonium. The ammonium (NH+
4) is the form of nitrogen used by plants. When available ammonium is not used by plants it is further converted by bacteria into nitrates (NO−3) through the process of nitrification.
Compost is rich in nutrients. It is used in gardens, landscaping, horticulture and agriculture. The compost itself is beneficial for the land in many ways, including as a soil conditioner, a fertilizer, addition of vital humus or humic acids, and as a natural pesticide for soil.

Benefits of Composting.

It’s easy to understand why people say they would love to compost if they could. It offers a whole list of benefits – for your yard, your wallet, and the Earth.
  • Free Fertilizer. Compost improves the texture of your garden soil, so it holds both water and air better. It also adds nutrients to the soil and promotes healthy root development in garden plants. The icing on the cake is that with home compost, you get all these benefits for free.
  • No Harmful Chemicals. Commercial compost often contains lingering traces of herbicides, so using it in your garden can actually kill your plants instead of nourishing them. This problem is known as “killer compost.” When you make your own compost, you can keep it free of dangerous chemicals.
  • Less Waste. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), food scraps and yard waste make up 20% to 30% of your household trash. If your town charges you by the bag for household trash pickup, putting that waste in the compost bin instead of out by the curb shaves up to 30% off your annual bill.
  • A Cleaner Planet. Composting is an Eco-friendly activity in more ways than one. When vegetable matter breaks down in a landfill, it produces methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. In a compost pile, decaying waste produces far less methane, so composting is actually a way to fight global warming.